first aid for heart attack

Symptoms

Heart attacks can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild to intense. Women, the elderly, and people with diabetes are more likely to have subtle or unusual symptoms.
Symptoms in adults may include:

• Altered mental status, particularly in the elderly
• Chest pain
  • Usually in the center of the chest
  • Lasts for more than a few minutes or comes and goes
  • May feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness
  • Pain may be felt in other areas of the upper body, such as the jaw, shoulder, one or both arms, back, and stomach area
• Cold sweat
• Light-headedness
• Nausea
• Numbness, aching, or tingling in the arm (usually the left arm)
• Shortness of breath
• Weakness or fatigue, particularly in the elderly

Women are more likely than men to have symptoms of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, back or jaw pain, and shortness of breath, either alone or with chest pain.
Babies and children may appear limp and unresponsive and may have bluish-colored skin.

First Aid

1. Have the person sit down, rest, and try to keep calm.
2. Loosen any tight clothing.
3. Ask if the person takes any chest pain medication for a known heart condition.
4. Help the person take the medication (usually nitroglycerin, which is placed under the tongue).
5. If the pain does not go away promptly with rest or within 3 minutes of taking nitroglycerin, call for emergency medical help.
6. If the person is unconscious and unresponsive, call 911 (or your local emergency number), then begin CPR.
7. If an infant or child is unconscious and unresponsive, perform 1 minute of CPR, then call 911.

Do Not

• Do NOT leave the person alone except to call for help, if necessary.
• Do NOT allow the person to deny the symptoms and convince you not to call for emergency help.
• Do NOT wait to see if the symptoms go away.
• Do NOT give the person anything by mouth unless a heart medication (such as nitroglycerin) has been prescribed.

Call Immediately For Emergency Medical Assistance If

• If an adult or child is unresponsive or is not breathing.
• If sudden chest pain or other symptoms of a heart attack occur.

Prevention

Adults should take steps to control heart disease risk factors whenever possible.

• If you smoke, quit. Smoking more than doubles the chance of developing heart disease.
• Keep blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes in good control and follow your doctor's orders.
• Lose weight if obese or overweight.
• Get regular exercise to improve heart health. (Talk to your doctor before starting any new fitness program.)
• Eat a heart-healthy diet. Limit saturated fats, red meat, and sugars. Increase your intake of chicken, fish, fresh fruits and vegetables, and whole grains. Your health care provider can help you tailor a diet specific to your needs.
• Limit the amount of alcohol you drink. One drink a day is associated with reducing the rate of heart attacks, but two or more drinks a day can damage the heart and cause other medical problems.

References

Hollander JE. Acute coronary syndromes. Acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina. In: Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, eds. Emergency Medcinie: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 6th ed. New York, NY:McGraw-Hill;2004:chap 50.

Read more: http://www.righthealth.com/topic/Heart_Disease_First_Aid/overview/adam20#ixzz1CWMY3I21

short flim making;tips

Film

Dan's TopTenTips for Short Film Makers

Some important tips that can make your short film the best it can be

Here is a list of some of the most important elements to keep in mind when making a short film. Following these guidelines will help you avoid the more common pitfalls. While these are only suggestions, they will almost certainly improve both your film and your filmmaking experience.

Make sure you have a story worth telling
Would you sit through the short film if someone else had made it? The answer for a surprising number of shorts is No. Ask yourself this question before you even start writing the script.

Don’t start production without a budget
Films, no matter how simple, cost money -- and money is always limited. By making sure you have a budget (a simple spreadsheet will do), you can decide in advance where you want to spend whatever money you have. Without a budget, you can almost guarantee that you will either spend more money than you plan, or end up without the finished film.

Get all clearances before shooting
You need, need, NEED releases from actors, music/artwork contributors, and anyone else who produces content that appears in the film. Getting clearance signatures before the shoot is simple and takes you moments. After the shoot, it can be difficult to impossible. Don’t get caught, do it now.

Make the film shorter than you want
Writer/directors always often leave things in the movie that the audience can really do without. It’s so painful to trim away things that were difficult to shoot. Make sure you do it. Your audience will thank you.

When using non-professional actors, cast with personality
I believe bad acting is so common in short films because people are asked to play characters that don’t resemble their personalities. A dirt-poor professional actor can portray the swagger and confidence of a billionaire – but most amateurs can’t. If your lead is an anal-retentive tightwad, don’t cast a slovenly slacker to play him.

Invest in good sound
Bad sound makes many short films (even ones with good stories) unbearable. There are no real replacements for a decent boom mike. Beg, buy, or borrow one and it will triple the chances your film will be watch-able.

Fix it now, not in post-production
Without Digital Domain or WETA working for you, most post-production fixes don’t look/sound very good and take A LOT of time. If you have a mistake in framing, dialogue, or anything else that can be fixed on the shoot, do it!

Don’t zoom in a shot
Don’t touch that zoom switch! A really good cameraman can make a zoom look OK. In almost all cases, though, using zooming is the hallmark of a sad effort. If you need to push in on a subject, use a dolly, camera glider, or a cut.

Know the indie/short film clichés
The most common clichés include using dream sequences, many dissolves/wipes, long credit sequences, or waking to a ringing alarm clock. There even seem to be a few websites devoted exclusively to citing indie/short film clichés. Know what the clichés are so you can make an intelligent choice on whether to use them or not.

Unless you’re shooting on film, avoid night exteriors
Darkness is the enemy of most camcorders. You’ll become acquainted with noise, color shifting, definition drop-out, and more if you choose to shoot at night without a medium size lighting package. It’s usually a lot easier to change the script than deal with all these problem